virgola ha scritto:a chiunque possa aiutarmi...
Sto cercando degli articoli scientifici sulla correlazione fra latte vaccino ed eccesso di muco negli adulti e nei bambini (argomento già trattato in questo forum). Anche se il meccanismo per cui il latte e i latticini portino muco mi è abbastanza chiaro (caseina >>istamina) e conosco casi evidenti che confermano la cosa, vorrei capirci qualcosa di più.
grazie!
Per quanto ne so io non c'é molto sul legame diretto tra consumo di latticini e produzione di muco, anche perché proprio quest'ultimo fattore é di difficile misurazione ed interpretazione (non sempre si tratta di quantità, ma di qualità, struttura della mucina, viscosità del muco, sensazione soggettiva di costipazione, ecc.) ed anche perché é un sintomo, e quindi troverai più dati ricercando il legame tra latticini e fenomeni di allergia o intolleranza, che spesso hanno come sintomo la modificazione di produzione di muco respiratorio e gastrointestinale. Nella mia esperienza non ho trovato questo forte legame, a meno che il soggetto non fosse comunque già allergico o intollerante, e ci sono degli studi di alcuni anni fa che non hanno trovato legami statisticamente significativi tra elevato consumo di latte e modificazione della produzione di muco. Tieni anche presente che l'origine di questa opinione su latte e muco risale certamente alla fisiologia galenica, la quale vedeva nel latte e nei prodotti simili (cioé prodotti di tipo flemmatico, freddi e umidi nella categorizzazione galenica) rimedi per patologie calde e secche (bile gialla) e controindicati in patologie flemmatiche.
Comunque esistono dati, ecco qualche titolo. In questo articolo non é stata trovata una correlazione significativa tra latte e muco:
Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990 Feb;141(2):352-6. Related Articles, Links
Relationship between milk intake and mucus production in adult volunteers challenged with rhinovirus-2.
Pinnock CB, Graham NM, Mylvaganam A, Douglas RM.
Department of Community Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia.
In the first of three studies investigating the widely held belief that "milk produces mucus," 60 volunteers were challenged with rhinovirus-2, and daily respiratory symptoms and milk and dairy product intake records were kept over a 10-day period. Nasal secretion weights were obtained by weighing tissues collected and sealed immediately after use. Information was obtained on 51 subjects, yielding 510 person-days of observation. Subjects consumed zero to 11 glasses of milk per day (mean, 2.7; SE, 0.08), and secretion weights ranged from zero to 30.4 g/day (mean, 1.1; SE, 0.1). In response to an initial questionnaire, 27.5% reported the practice of reducing intake of milk or dairy products with a cold or named milk or dairy products as bad for colds. Of the latter group, 80% stated the reason as "producing more mucus/phlegm." Milk and dairy product intake was not associated with an increase in upper or lower respiratory tract symptoms of congestion or nasal secretion weight. A trend was observed for cough, when present, to be loose with increasing milk and dairy product intake; however, this effect was not statistically significant at the 5% level. Those who believe "milk makes mucus" or reduce milk intake with colds reported significantly more cough and congestion symptoms, but they did not produce higher levels of nasal secretions. We conclude that no statistically significant overall association can be detected between milk and dairy product intake and symptoms of mucus production in healthy adults, either asymptomatic or symptomatic, with rhinovirus infection.
In questo articolo si esaminano le sensazioni delle persone rispetto all'assunzione di latte ed il suo rapporto con la produzione di muco.
Appetite. 1993 Feb;20(1):53-60. Related Articles, Links
The milk mucus belief: sensations associated with the belief and characteristics of believers.
Arney WK, Pinnock CB.
Repatriation General Hospital Daw Park, Flinders University, South Australia.
The belief that milk produces mucus is widespread in the community and is associated with a significant reduction in milk consumption. Sensations associated with milk drinking were reported by otherwise healthy believers and non-believers in the milk-mucus effect (N = 169) in an unstructured interview, with further responses prompted about the duration, type and amount of milk causing the effect. The site predominantly affected was the throat, with sensations related to difficulty in swallowing and perceived thickness of mucus and salivary secretions, rather than excessive mucus production. The effect required only a small amount of milk and was reported to be of short duration. The chronic respiratory symptom history and dairy product intake of 130 of these subjects were also assessed. Milk-mucus believers were different from non-believers, reporting more respiratory symptoms and consuming less milk and dairy products. Symptoms consistent with the food allergy
A questa URL ti puoi caricare un articolo che in parte parla del problema (John M. James PEDIATRICS Vol. 111 No. 6 June 2003, pp. 1625-1630 Respiratory Manifestations of Food Allergy)
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/c ... /6/S2/1625
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Ti allego comunque il paragrafo che discute del problema:
"Many patients associate the ingestion of cow milk and other dairy products with an increase in the production and thickness of nasal secretions. This association often cannot be attributed to a specific allergic reaction. Pinnock et al18 investigated the relationship between milk intake and mucus production in adult volunteers challenged with rhinovirus-2. Milk and dairy product intake was not associated with an increase in upper or lower respiratory tract symptoms of congestion or nasal secretions. Overall, no statistically significant association was detected between milk and dairy product intake and symptoms of mucus production in healthy adults, whether asymptomatic or symptomatic with rhinovirus infection. Taking this a step further, another investigation used a randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine the effects of dairy products in patients who perceived that their asthma worsened with the ingestion of these products.19 For both forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate, there was no statistically significant differences in the group means between active challenges and placebo challenges. Taken together, these data suggest that it is unlikely that dairy products have a specific effect in patients with isolated rhinitis or a bronchoconstrictor effect in patients with asthma. "
Un altro articolo che parla in generale di allergie ma che affronta il rapporto latte muco:
Role of food allergy in asthma in childhood.
Current Opinion in Allergy & Clinical Immunology. 1(2):145-149, April 2001.
Baena-Cagnani, Carlos E.; Teijeiro, Alvaro
Abstract:
Atopy is the major predisposing factor for asthma identified up to now, and allergen exposure, particularly indoor allergens, is considered as a causal factor for asthma. Food allergy is frequently underestimated in association with asthma, however food allergy has been shown to trigger or exacerbate broncho-obstruction in 2 to 8.5% of children with asthma. There is also evidence that double-blind placebo-controlled oral challenge is able to increase unspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Sensitization to food can occur early in life involving T cell response, mainly of the Th2 phenotype, but also IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. Moreover, it has been shown that sensitization to food allergens early in life is a risk factor for sensitization to inhalent allergens and respiratory symptoms later on. Epidemiological studies suggest that changes in the dietary composition, such as trans-fatty acids, could be involved in the increase of asthma prevalence. The introduction of formula during the first trimester of life increases the risk of having asthma. The diagnosis of food allergy associated with asthma is not easy, nevertheless is important for allergists, pulmonologists and paediatricians to consider food allergy in children with respiratory symptoms, especially when asthma symptoms start early in life and when they are associated with other manifestations of food allergy. Children sensitized to cow's milk proteins and also having atopic eczema are at higher risk for asthma. Since avoidance of the offending food is the first step in the management of children with asthma associated with food allergy, a careful identification should be done in order to avoid unnecessary elimination of foods.
Ciao Marco